Monday 29 June 2015

Complete information on P-1000 Vulcan - SS-N-12 mod.2 SANDBOX

Anti-ship cruise missile. Develop a set of NGOs launched "Engineering" (formerly - OKB-52) Chelomei (since 1984 Chief Designer - G.A.Efremov) of the Decree of the USSR on May 17, 1979 Rocket is a further development of the missile complex P-500 starting with the preservation of equipment and a marked increase in the range of action through the use of a new starting of the engine, increasing the volume of fuel sustainer stage, reducing the weight of booking and other improvements. 

The first test-fired from the ground stand SM-49 Nenoksa - December 3, 1982 ( 10 hours 55 minutes) - start failure - starting block is not separated from the rocket, the rocket broke apart and fell by 8 flight. The second launch - April 9, 1983 - the same result by 9 seconds of flight. As a result of analysis of failed tests found that the failures were the fault of the control system of the rocket. The third start was successful (probably in June 1983). Tests with SSGN pr.675MKV launched December 22, 1983 Joint testing of the complex P-1000 and SSGN pr.675MKV - 1985, the first launch in joint trials - 2 missile salvo (two missiles hit the target in spite of the failure of the system maintain the pressure in the instrument compartment and operator error). 

The second launch through joint tests - November 8, 1985 - trehraketny volley, one rocket was the failure of the radar sighting device (radar), two other rockets poryazili goal. As a result, aircraft design, and joint tests performed 18 launches of which 11 are found to be successful launches. Test management and test equipment completed in 1985. In December 1985 signed the act of completion of joint testing with the recommendation of the complex P-1000 "Vulcan" to the adoption with carrying out routine tests in 1986 to carry out routine tests allocated 8 rockets planned to spend 4 missile salvo and 4 single missile launch different programs. 

One of the single starts (24 April 1986) was held with the starting rocket engine complex of P-500 on the program management of the complex missile P-500. Start was successful. 18 and 19 June 1986 held two successful start-up to check noise immunity missiles.Chetyrehraketny volley was held July 4, 1986 (three missiles equipped with telemetry equipment on the grounds that the equipment at the site could not receive information from 4 missiles). The rocket is not equipped with a telemetry system, lost control on the approach to the target, the cause has not been established. In 1986, the creators of the complex have been awarded the Prize of the USSR Lenenskoy (source ). Complex "Volcano" adopted by 18 December 1987 Series production of missiles complex "Volcano" was conducted on the "Arrow" in Orenburg. Rocket made ​​from 1985 to 1992



3M70 missile complex P-1000 "Volcano" ( http://www.cruiser-moskva.info ).


Start 3M70 missile complex P-1000 "Volcano" with conventional CDS ( http://www.npomash.ru ).

Launcher : 
- ground launcher SM-49 - test missiles at the site Nenoksa; 
- missile cruiser pr.1164 - probably Single container PU CM-248, similar complexes U-500
- SSGN pr.675MKV - probably similar to PU Single container complex P-500




Start 3M70 missile complex P-1000 "Volcano" with pr.1164 missile cruiser "Moskva" ( http://www.npomash.ru , http://forums.airbase.ru ).

Control and guidance - inertial missile control with correction according to the radar homing - developed by the Central Research Institute "Granit", chief designer of the control system A.V.Chizhov, on-board radio-technical equipment - B.L.Godlinik, autopilot - AN Kuchin, FDC - V.A.Nikoltsev and E.A.Gorbachev. Breeding goals probably either automatically or by remote control principle (the operator of the ship according to radar missiles), or a combination. The rocket used made ​​on the basis of a new element to the onboard computer autopilot A21 B9 (other than the missiles of F-500), which is coupled with a new starter motor and other (probably) control algorithm for the starting phase of the trajectory, which increased range. Significantly improved noise immunity radar seeker by improving on-board digital computer. 


Ship and aircraft (placed on the rocket) appliances automated control system, as well as test equipment and control complex re-created. The control system launch, depending on the configuration starting the engine can be operated according to the program start-up and flight ASM P-500 "Basalt" or program " Volcano. " The missile guidance algorithms used by logic select the main goal in the order ships. After receiving the coordinates of the target, a missile with radar switched off (radio-locating visor) decreased by low altitude and to fly to the point of target coordinates. At the point of origin objectives include radar (radio-location finder), and selects and target acquisition. Analyze the size of the goals and objectives of the removal of the point target coordinates. Lift excess agloritm allows you to choose the biggest target in the order ships. 

In order to overcome missile defense and air defense rocket provided protivozenitny maneuvering at low altitude and the dispersal of missiles in a salvo at the front (to be preceded by a gathering with a group of rockets) before turning on the radar at the final stage. The rocket is set Station setting jamming protection system 4B-89 "Bumblebee", developed since 1965 in the laboratory of the department №25 CRI "Granite" under the guidance and R.T.Tkacheva Yu.A.Romanova. 

Instrument compartment on a rocket made ​​airtight and equipped with sitemy maintain pressure (test starts for the shore stand in Nenoksa since March 25, 1984 Decree of the USSR in October 1987 instructed to carry out work to improve the accuracy of missiles of "Volcano" with working precision laser guidance channel and the creation of missiles "Volcano LK" . Work on the pulsed laser guidance channel conducted CRI "Granite" under the leadership of S.A.Sharova. system to recognize the geometric parameters of the target ship, and provide instructions on the correct trajectory of a missile to hit the most vulnerable sections of the target ship. System Tests were conducted in Sevastopol for passing ships and aircraft flying laboratory IL-18. 

Development of laser guidance channel as a missile guidance systems started up in 1987 chief designer of onboard equipment missiles - V.G.Senkov, chief designer of the laser channel - S.N.Sharov. The launches of missiles equipped with homing serial laser channel planned for 1987-1989 gg Channel laser equipment was placed in the diffuser inlet. Technological missile for ground tests of the system has passed bench tests. On the test site in North Nenoksa it planned to make 5 missile launches from the ground stand (on dr.dannym test allocated 9 missiles). But probably in 1988-1989, the development of the theme of "Volcano LC" was discontinued. The beam diameter - ok.10 m Recognition range - 12-15 km




Pilot laser channel control rocket complex P-1000 "Volcano", 1988 (photo - showroom NGO "Engineering", Reutov, 15.08.2006,http://www.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru )

Within the framework of the ROC "Volcano" was conducted research "Radiation" in which task was to analyze the impact of damaging factors of nuclear explosion (SAMs) on attackers RCC. In the course of research it conducted a real nuclear explosion in a specially equipped tunnel on Novaya Zemlya. Tests have shown that most of the elements onboard control systems of missiles were amazed neutron radiation at a distance of mechanical damage from a nuclear explosion. Some of the chips gained irreversible changes over long distances, causing a need for their further development for use in airborne systems, missile complex "Volcano." 


The missile 3M70: Construction - used in the construction of new materials - including titanium alloys. The armor protection reduced.


Model 3M70 missile complex "Volcano" with increased CDS Air Show MAKS-2009 (photo - A.V.Karpenko, http://bastion-karpenko.narod.ru/ ).

Engines : 
- front-booster stage - SRM with controlled nozzles, more powerful than that of U-500 . It can be used with the starting solid propellant missiles P-500 "Basalt". There is a possibility that the published photos of the original SRM "Vulcan" yet. 


Hours Homepage-booster stage - 12 - marching - korotkoresursny TRD KR-17B, a similar rocket engine complex P-500 . Designed OKB-300 GKAT.


The tail of the missile complexes P-1000 and P-500 with the nozzles of the main engines and antennas (file photo Skeptical 2,http://forums.airbase.ru ). The missile complex "Volcano" with increased native CDS model, the exhibition MAKS -2009 (http://maks.sukhoi.ru )



TTX missiles : 
length - 11.7 m 
Case Diameter - 0.88 m 
Wingspan - 2.6 m Weight starting - 9300 kg (?) Weight without starting the engine - 5070 kg (4800 kg dr.dannym) Range - 550-700 km (depending the profile of the flight), some sources indicate 1000 km speed - 2 / 2.5 M (at low altitude / high altitude) Altitude - minimum - 15-20 m 


warhead types : - explosive-cumulative; armor-piercing warhead test launches were made ​​on the ground stand ("rocket path").According to the calculations required for the destruction of an aircraft carrier hit 3 missiles. The mass of explosives - 500 kg Armor penetration - up to 400 mm - the nuclear capacity of 350 kt

Modifications : 
- P-1000 "Volcano" - anti-ship missile. - "Volcano LK" - modification of the missile complex "Volcano" with laser guidance channel ( see. "The control system and guidance," above ) 


Media : - missile cruiser pr.1164 " Varyag "(put into operation October 16, 1989 under the name" Red Ukraine ") was originally armed with complex P-1000. Also likely by 2006 at the RK "Moscow" complex P-1000 is installed, instead of U-500 in the course of modernization. Also planned for installation on an unfinished missile cruiser "Ukraine" (former "Admiral Lobov" is on the GCC in Nikolaev). The ship set PU 16 non-rechargeable (charge is carried out in the port).


The rocket complex P-1000 "Volcano" with the missile cruiser "Varyag" pr.1164 probably 1994 (file photo Skeptical 2,http://forums.airbase.ru ) missile cruiser "Moskva" pr.1164, the beginning of the 2000s ( http://militaryphotos.net ) Loading of ammunition on the missile cruiser "Moskva" pr.1164, Sevastopol, August 14, 2004 (photo - USSRNAVY, http://forums.airbase.ru ) loading missiles 3M70 complex P-1000 "volcano" on the missile cruiser "Moskva", the Black Sea Fleet, 2006 (photo - Dmitry Stogniy,http://militaryphotos.net )













- SSGN pr.675MKV - conversion of 5 SSGN pr.675MK (K-1, K-22, K-34, K-35 and K-10) was conducted by pr.675MKV SRH "Star".Conversion SSGN K-1 launched December 15, 1981 and was completed in 1983. The modernization SSGN K-10 is not completed, all converted SSGN 4. On SSGN launchers complex P-500 replaced starting complex "Volcano" (8 pcs on submarines). Launchers starting from surface. Fire control system on submarines - "Argon-675MKV." For targeting satellite data used by the system "Killer Whale". SSGN withdrawn from the Navy from July 1992 to July 1994 (all 4 pieces).


Tentative projections missile complex P-1000 "Volcano" (Allocer, http://ru.wikipedia.org )
 
Status - the Soviet Union and Russia 
- 2003 May 16 - the missile cruiser "Moskva" pr.1164 made ​​training missile launches complex P-1000 "volcano" in the north-eastern part of the Arabian Sea. - 22 January 2008 - the Black Sea Fleet missile cruiser Russia "Moscow" pr.1164 within the active phase of joint military exercises naval strike group Northern and Russian Black Sea Fleet in the Atlantic has applied a unique anti-ship missile complex "Basalt" RCC "Vulcan" for firing at sea targets successfully hit the target ( source ).


The rocket "Volcano" means complex "Basalt" cruiser "Moskva" pr.1164, Mediterranean Sea, 22.01.2008, the ( source ).

- 2010 - is in service for at least 2 missile cruisers pr.1164 - "Moscow" and "Varyag".




The rocket P-1000 "Volcano" with the missile cruiser "Varyag" during exercises "Vostok-2014", September 2014 (the frame channel "Star", source ).

Sources : 


Wikipedia - Encyclopedia of freedom. Site http://ru.wikipedia.org , 2010 
Zhabsky A. Volcano delivery. // St. Petersburg Gazette. №022 from 07.02.2008 
Lazarev NM Oceanic nuclear missile fleet of the Soviet Union in his biographies of artists, creators and naval ship mechanical engineers.t. III, M., 2003 
These supersonic. Site http://www.testpilot.ru , 2010 
Osinin SN, EW Navy. From Port Arthur to the present day. M., "Arms and Technologies", 2006 
Creators and founders. Ode team. M., NGOs Engineering 2009 
AV Chizhov, "80 years of the Central Research Institute" Granit "(Chronicle of the tests)." S.-Pb., Central Research Institute "Granit" , 2001 . 
Shirokorad AB, fiery sword of the Russian Navy. M., "Yauza", "Penguin Books" 2004 
Balancer.ru. Site http://forums.airbase.ru , 2010

BVR missiles to be test fired from Tejas in July

The Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas is all set undertake critical test flights carrying an array of missiles and bombs to complete its scheduled weapon trials. Top sources with the Ministry of Defence (MoD) confirmed to this Correspondent that the integration of Russian-made Close Combat Missile (CCM) R-73 has been completed.


The ground integration of the Israeli-made CMM Python-5 too has been completed ahead of the flight trials. The Beyond Visual Range (BVR) missile Derby has also been integrated on to the aircraft. Tejas can carry two CCMs with a range of 15 km at the extreme end pods. These missiles can home on to the enemy aircraft based on their heat signature.

The Derby (two missiles) is being integrated on the mid-board-pods of Tejas and they have a range varying between 80 and 100 km. The home-grown fighter carries the laser-guided bomb (LGB) Griffin, which has a range of 5-6 km. Tejas will also carry LGB Paveway, which according to sources, has already demonstrated its capabilities with an accuracy of 1 meter. "These missiles have demonstrated their capabilities to strike with precision during day and night," says an official.

BVR missiles to be tested in July

The laser-designator pod also has been integrated on to the aircraft. "Tejas can carry drop tanks with 1200-litre and 800-725-litre capacity. The R-73 has completed flight trials in Goa, Jaisalmer and Jamnagar over 10 times. The LGB has been tested for six times now," the official said.

The BVR testes scheduled to be held in May has now been fixed for July at forward bases. "The CCMs and BVRs used on Tejas are capable of SSKP (Single Shot Kill Probability). In a war scenario, the pilot can increase the kill probability by opting for firing both CCMs, or both BVRs together," the official added. The integration of Russian-made gun for Tejas Gsh-23 has been completed. The gun has been already ground tested at a facility in Nasik.


FOC may spill over to March 2016?

When asked whether Tejas would skip the December 2015 deadline for Final Operational Clearance (FOC), the top MoD official said: "There are still some passing clouds hanging around. But the teams from Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) and Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) are confident of beating the deadline."

However, another official told this Correspondent that the programme might skip the December deadline by maximum three months. "May be it will spill over to the last quarter of this FY. The FOC will be in by March 2016," he said.

Refueling probe, nose cone radome awaited

To complete the FOC points, the air-to-air refueling probe from Cobham hasn't arrived yet. The nose cone quartz radome too is being awaited. There are already some rumours floating around in the corridors of HAL and ADA over the delay in accessing these pending foreign systems. A Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) official says that they are hopeful of thrashing the issue.

"Definitely there are concerns. But, we are hoping to get clarity by July. Hopefully, we should have access to all hardware within a month. We don't see any more technology challenges after the integration of these pending items," says the senior DRDO official.

ADA says that almost 75 per cent of work related to FOC has been completed. The siblings of Tejas have completed 2971 flights so far logging around 1909 hours, at the time this piece went live on the web.

Thursday 25 June 2015

Light Combat Helicopter clears critical hot weather trials.

Bengaluru, June 26: Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) on Friday said that its home-grown Light Combat Helicopter (LCH) completed hot weather trials. The one-week long trials were held at Jodhpur measuring a series of parameters. HAL Chairman T Suvarna Raju told OneIndia that the trials were crucial as the programme is inching towards Initial Operational Clearance (IOC) phase. Interestingly, during the tests, expert pilots from the Indian Air Force and the Indian Army were present. Representatives of certification teams were also present. "The test flights were carried out in the temperature range of 39 to 42 degree Celsius," says Raju. HAL says the third technology demonstrator (TD-3) of LCH, 3 was ferried from Bengaluru to Jodhpur for the trials.


"The test flights were carried out in the temperature range of 39 to 42 degree Celsius," says Raju. HAL says the third technology demonstrator (TD-3) of LCH, 3 was ferried from Bengaluru to Jodhpur for the trials.

Following are some of the key features tested during the trials:

* Temperature survey of engine bay
* Temperature survey of hydraulic system
* Assessment of performance of helicopter
* Verifying the handling qualities and loads at different AUWs (all up weights)
* Checking low-speed handling capabilities
* Capturing the height-velocity diagram establishment As reported by OneIndia earlier, the LCH had completed cold weather flight testing at Leh in February this year. The chopper was HAL's star attraction during Aero India 2015.

As reported by OneIndia earlier, the LCH had completed cold weather flight testing at Leh in February this year. The chopper was HAL's star attraction during Aero India 2015. HAL claims that the chopper would receive its IOC by end of this year and subsequently enter series production. HAL has also set aside Rs 126 crore for the fourth sibling of LCH (TD-4) to propel the testing phase.

Some of the key LCH features

* A twin- engine with in the 5.8-ton class
* Powered by two Shakti engine
* Can carry out dedicated combat roles
* Best suited for air defence, anti-tank roles
* Perfect for combat search and rescue missions
* Loaded with advanced military technology features
* Narrow fuselage with tandem seating configuration
* Incorporates a number of stealth features
* Crashworthy landing gear
* Armour protection for better survivability

Complete information and Analysis on "Sindhu" class Submarine

Most diesel-electric submarine (type "B"). Development of the project started on the tactical and technical assignment approved by the Soviet Navy in 1974. Design was conducted CDB "Ruby" (CDB-18) together with the Research Institute. Academician Krylov, the chief designer of the project - Yu.N.Kormilitsyn. Technical project approved by boat commander in chief of the Navy of the USSR December 20, 1976 Pre-production project at the head of the boat Shipyard №199 "They. Lenin Komsomol" (Komsomolsk-on-Amur) started in 1979. Bookmark the head of the boat B-248 held March 16, 1980 The boat launched on September 12, 1980 and commissioned to the Navy of the USSR December 31, 1980

In 1981, after the discovery of a new type of submarines in the NATO boat he was given the nickname KILO. According to unconfirmed reports headache pr.877 boat B-248 went into service in September 1982 is possible at this time to achieve a complete test head naval submarine. Serial production of boats pr.877 lasted from 1979 to 1994. Total built at different factories: 

- Factory №199 "They. Lenin Komsomol" (Komsomolsk-on-Amur) - from 1979 to 1994 built 15 boats; 
- the plant "Red Sormovo" (g.Gorky - Nizhny Novgorod) - from 1982 to 1995 built 17 boats including and for export; 


- Plant Leningrad Admiralty Association (Leningrad) - 1983 and 1991 7 boats built for export; 
- FSUE "Admiralty Shipyards" (St. Petersburg) - 1992 to 2000 4 boats built for export and from 1997 to 1998 2 pr.636 boats, and from 2002 to 2006- 5 boats pr.636M. One boat pr.877 completed in 2005 pr.636M (B-340 = Yuan Zhend 73 Hao, China). Some time ago (1997) in the Western media of specialized boats KILO class as referred GRANAY, probably referring to the boats upgrade projects 636. By default, these boats are pr.877. In 2010 FSUE "Admiralty Shipyards" (Mr. .Sankt Petersburg) resumed the construction of submarines for the Russian Navy pr.06363 ( sm.Reestr below ) - in the construction of a series of six submarines for the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy. 


Design PL - double-hulled. Widely used damping platform and other sound-absorbing technology (eg protivogidroakusticheskoe cover housing). The shape of the body is adapted to the PL maximum resistance and noise reduction. Nasal hydroplanes retracted into the housing. Submarine pr.877M differ in appearance from pr.877 chopped off at the stern superstructure instead of blending smoothly into the body. Material hull - Steel AK-25. At least for PL pr.06363 steel cabinet designed "Prometey" and performed at "Izhora Works".



Split layout model submarines pr.877 studio "Corvette" ( http://www.corvette-shipmodels.ru )







From top to bottom - the first three shots - in the stack shop №12 Leningrad Admiralty Association unit №1, block №1 mask torpedo unit №3. In the fourth picture in the transportation department №12 element submarine pressure hull. The fifth photo - block hull boats in the workshop №9.Expected in photo design elements submarine B-477 ("Sindhushastra" S65) zav.№01618 pr.877EKM / 08773, the Leningrad Admiralty Association, St. Petersburg, 1999 (Admiralty Shipyards Russian submarine fleet. S.-Pb. "Gangut", 2003). The architecture of submarine hull or pr.06363 pr.06361. The shop №9 Admiralty Shipyards. 2012 ( source ).




Propulsion : the underwater and surface course of submarine propulsion motors is provided
 
2 x diesel generators 4DL-42MH capacity of 1500 kW (at dr.dannym and the first two submarines pr.877 - 4DL-42M power of 1000 kW) with a system of RDP (pr.877). On pr.877M - 30DG capacity of 1500 kW, as well works with RDP.
 
1 x main propulsion motor power of 5500 hp PG141 (Including pr.877V / 877EKM at dr.dannym on pr.877EKM engine produces 4050 horsepower), since the submarine B-800 (1989) set a new low speed engine capacity of 5500 hp PG165 . (6800 hp by Western sources).
 
1 x motor of economic progress PG142 power 130-150 hp (The first version), since the submarine B-800 (1989) / pr.877V set a new low speed engine output of 190 hp PG166 ..
 
2 x redundant motor PG168 (apparently, since the B-800?) With a capacity of 102 hp
 

Mechanics - one shaft, one screw:
- 6-bladed fixed pitch propeller low noise (B-470? and B-800)
- 7-blade scimitar-shaped blades with alloy "Aurora" (B-470 - 1986 B-800 - 1989).
- 7-blade propeller-type B-800 (Improved KILO Submarine).
- water-jet nozzle turbine type (pr.877V previously was shorter tip - perhaps the difference early on pr.877V pr.877VD - is supposedly).
The speed of rotation of the screw top - 250 rev / min .. On submarines all projects in the stern of the hull on the sides thrusters water cannon.Processes diving and surfacing submarine automated.



6-bladed fixed pitch propeller low noise boats pr.877 and 877EKM KILO. Pictured rolled out of the shop submarine B-477 ("Sindhushastra" S65) zav.№01618 pr.877EKM / 08773, the Leningrad Admiralty Association, St. Petersburg, 1999 (Admiralty Shipyards Russian submarine fleet. S.-Pb. "Gangut", 2003).

PL pr.636 / 636M with 7-blade propeller ("Military Parade", archive photo Gogs, http://forums.airbase.ru ).

Submarine B-871 "Alrosa" pr.877V KILO and water jets exploded. Sevastopol, floating dock PD-30, regular upkeep, January 12, 2006 (photo - Dmitry Stogniy, http://forums.airbase.ru )
 
Energy - lead-acid batteries. Number - 2 groups of 120 pieces. During the operation in the Iranian Navy noted problems with failure of the batteries, which is probably caused by either high temperatures and humidity or errors in service (or both). Batteries for submarines pr.877 / 636 on the world market are offered as such by the manufacturer as British Chloride Industrial Batteries Ltd with a guarantee of 5 years (data for 1997).
 
Rescue System - from the submarine B-800 series are equipped with a rescue boat hatch allowed to leave the submerged submarine at a depth of up to 250 m (located in the rear of the submarine).

TTX submarine:
crew - 57 people (52 people - pr.877EKM / 877V) - including 12 officers
Length:
- 72.6 m
- 73.8 m (pr.877M)
The length of the hull - 51.8 m
Width - 9.9 m
Draught - 6.2 m
 
Displacement above water - 2,300 tons
Displacement underwater - 3040 tons (3076 tons dr.dannym)
Buoyancy - 32%
The weight of diesel fuel - 172 tons
 
Speed ​​surfaced - 10 kt
Speed ​​underwater:
- 3 bonds (on ancillary jet thrusters)
- 8-10 kt (Periscope, limit the excitement - 5 points)
- 17 kt (including pr.877V)
- 19 kt (pr.877M)
- 21-25 kt (pr.877M western data)

Range underwater course (under the RDP, the rate of 7 bonds) - 6,500 miles
Range submerged speed (speed 3 kt) - 400 miles (including pr.636 / 636M)
Range submerged speed (speed of 21 kt) - 12.7 miles (according to Western sources)
Immersion depth Periscope - 17.5 m (restriction on Waves 5 points)
Immersion depth Working - 240 m (250 m possible pr.877M)
Immersion depth limit - 350 m (300 m pr.877EKM)
 
Autonomy - 45 days
 
Noise submarine pr.877 when driving on an auxiliary propulsion ustanovlke (water cannon) at the rate of progress of low noise (MSHH) 5-6 bonds is estimated by experts below or equal to the noise class submarines Improved Los-Angeles. When using the progress under the main propulsion motor noise performance is particularly limited regardless of the speed. Based on reviews of Indian sailors on submarines pr.877EKM total noise is considered quieter German submarine pr.209. In the natural background in the 40-45 dB noise submarines calm pr.877 was 52-56 dB (SP series and measuring conditions are not known). The Chinese media reported on submarines pr.636 noise level 117 dB.

Armament:
 pr.877pr.877EKMpr.08773pr.877EKM after modernization (2015 and earlier)
Torpedo armament6 x 533 mm bow torpedo tubes (control TA - remote from the command post, including overcharging TA). Two of the six TA (top tier vehicles) designed for the use of remote-controlled torpedoes (for example pr.877V). Recharge by using the device fast recharge "Moray" (system of remote automated control TA - SDAU TA). Loading is carried out via a special loading device.Ammunition - 18 torpedoes (6 pcs in TA, 12 pieces on the racks) Torpedoes types 53-65K , 53-56V , 53-56VA , SET-53M , TEST-71m (up to 4 units),USET-80K , SET-65E or 24 mines DM-1 (or a combination of torpedoes and mines)

SimilarlyTorpedoes types 53-65KETEST-71ME(up to 4 units) or 24 mines DM-1 (or a combination of torpedoes and mines)

Similarly,Similarly,
MissileNoNo (before modernization)The missile system Club-S cruise missiles to launch from a submerged position of the upper tier TA (TA 2). Ammunition - 4 rocket 3M54E (may be increased)The missile system is supplemented 3M14E missiles to fire at targets wage ( source)
Zenith4-8 x MANPADS "Strela-3", "Strela-3M" or "Igla-1" 9M313 for use on the surface for the purpose of defense 6 x MANPADS "Strela-3", "Strela-3M" or "Igla-1" 9M313 for use on the surface for the purpose of defenseno (?) 
Other   


Loading missile complex Club-S in the Indian submarine torpedo tube "Sindhuvijay" pr.08773 (photo taken no later than 2007, http://www.ckb-rubin.ru )
  
Hardware (data requires clarification) :
 pr.877 / 877E / 877Vpr.877EKMpr.877M / 08773
 KILOKILO Improved KILO
CICS (combat information management system)"Lama" / "node" (some sources x) , development and production - NGO "Aurora", "Okeanpribor" and "Granit-Elektron". Made in the computer-based IDP-110 "unit". CICS allows you to simultaneously track five goals, including 2 + 3 goals automatically manually automatically generating data for torpedoes. Just CICS decides navigation tasks.
"Lama-EKM" / "node " , development and production - NGO "Aurora", "Okeanpribor" and "Granit-Elektron". Made in the computer-based IDP-100EM (?) "Node". CICS allows you to simultaneously track five goals, including 2 + 3 goals automatically manually automatically generating data for torpedoes. Just CICS decides navigation tasks.

"Lama-EKM" / "node", development and production - NGO "Aurora", "Okeanpribor" and "Granit-Elektron". Made on the basis of a computer-IDP IDP-110EM or 119EM

Management of general ship systemsControl "Palladium" (pr.877E)Control "Palladium"
Control "Palladium-M" (perhaps after modernization of Indian submarines pr.877EKM)
Complex "Pyrite-M"
(perhaps after modernization of Indian submarines pr.877EKM)
Control "Palladium-EM" (?)
HOOK CIM-400 "Rubicon", developed by NII-3 (later - Central Research Institute "Morphyspribor", St. Petersburg), modernized, starting with the B-800, 1989, apparently to "Rubicon-M." The complex includes: a block of digital processors acoustic signal processing using the library noise ("Ajax" since the submarine B-470 serial №467 pr.877 in the Navy in 1986, he held a separate cabin), remote control devices interface, power systems, communication devices and systems work, passive and active CEO:
- The main sonar (the forward part of the submarine) to separate the radiating antenna and the antenna radiating sound conductivity connection is made in titanium. Provides job paths shumopelengatsii (SHP), sonar (GL), the detection sonar signals (JLG) and sonar communication (LPP).
The number of elements of the receiving antenna - 1008 pcs
The number of rays emitter (in active mode) - 540 pieces
The area of ​​the working sector antenna - 7.5 m
Detection range in passive mode - 16-20 km (PL) and 60-80 km (ships)
Range target tracking in active mode - 16-20 km
Range of underwater communication and data transmission - 20-25 km and 60-80 km (depending on mode)
- SAS mine-detector MG-519 "Harp" (detection range of 1500 m min)
CIM-400E "Rubicon-M" - SHARK TEETHCIM-400M "Rubicon-M" SHARK TEETH, developed CRI "Morphyspribor" (St. Petersburg). The functions implemented in the first models using the library SJC noise "Ajax" (used since the submarine B-470 serial №467 pr.877 in the Navy since 1986) are implemented by means of the SJC. As part of the SAC include: remote control.interface devices, power supply systems, communication devices and systems work, passive and active CEO:
 
- The main sonar (the forward part of the submarine) to separate the radiating antenna and the antenna radiating sound conductivity connection is made in titanium.
The number of elements of the receiving antenna - 1008 pcs
The number of rays emitter (in active mode) - 540 pieces?
The area of ​​the working sector antenna - 7.5 m
Detection range in passive mode - not less than 16-20 km (PL) and 60-80 km (ships)
Range tracking of targets in an active mode - no less than 16-20 km
Range of underwater communication and data - not less than 20-25 km 60-80 km (depending on the mode)
- SAS mine-detector MG-519 "Harp" (detection range min at least 1500 m). The equipment is made ​​on the basis of a new element. Equipment composition different from the composition of the upgraded equipment pr.877 (sometimes in the media - 877K) on the submarine "Sindhuvijay" the modernization of pr.08773 (SRH conducted "Star", completed in 2007) is set SJC Indian USNUS

The complex radar"Tobol" in the composition of the radar Omnidirection MRK-50, "Cascade" BRICK PULP
- detection range at an altitude of 500 m - 70-100 km
- target detection range type frigate - 12-20 km?
"Tobol" in the composition of circular radar survey RTOs-50E "Cascade" BRICK PULP"Tobol" in the composition of the radar Omnidirection MRK-50, "Cascade" BRICK PULP
Radio-technical equipment radio station technical radar detection MCI-25 BRICK GROUP radiopelenatora and "Frame" SNOOP TRAY-2 or "Veil" (doubtful), radio-technical station (probably radio satellite) "Cypress", the respondent state identification system "Chrome." Since the submarine B-800 (1989 YG) modernized equipment serial submarines (done on new element base).radio station technical radar detection MCI-25E BRICK GROUP radiopelenatora and "Frame" SNOOP TRAY-2 or "Veil" (doubtful), radio-technical station (probably radio satellite) "Cypress", the respondent state identification system "Chrome."Since the submarine B-800 (1989 YG) modernized equipment serial submarines (done on new element base).radio station technical radar detection MCI-25 BRICK GROUP radiopelenatora and "Frame" SNOOP TRAY-2 or "veil", radio station "Cypress"
StationsRadio stations R-654MR (1.5-24 MHz band), P-680 (1.5-60 MHz range) and P 625 (100-150 MHz, 220-400 MHz bands).Radio stations R-654MR (1.5-24 MHz band), P-680 (1.5-60 MHz range) and P 625 (100-150 MHz, 220-400 MHz bands).on the submarine "Sindhuvijay" the modernization of pr.08773 (SRH conducted "Star", completed in 2007) established the Indian radio system CSS-MK Towed antenna HF and SV ranges

Navigation system"Andoga""Appassionata -EKM""Andoga." On the upgraded submarine pr.877EKM (at least by 2011 - Sindhurakshak) - navigation system "Appassionata -EKM.1" (modernizitsiya navigation system "Appassionata-CME").
Periscopescommander's periscope PC 8.5 and anti-aircraft navigation periscope PZNG-8M (both have a periscope optical zoom 1.5x and 6x, vertical viewing angles of -10 to +90 deg., and all-round visibility Horizontal)commander's periscope PC 8.5 and anti-aircraft navigation periscope PZNG-8M (both have a periscope optical zoom 1.5x and 6x, vertical viewing angles of -10 to +90 deg., and all-round visibility Horizontal)commander's periscope PC 8.5 and anti-aircraft navigation periscope PZNG-8M
 

Integrated remote control AIUS "Lama-EKM" manufactured by NPO "Aurora" ( http://www.avrorasystems.com ).

Sliding device in the fence cutting the submarine B-871 "Alrosa" pr.877V (in the retracted position, the view aft, http://forums.airbase.ru ).

PL pr.877 (probably pryu877EKM B-806) is running under the RDP diesel generator, the Baltic Sea, of 10.09.2007 (author photo - Alex Suetin,http://fotki.yandex.ru ).
  
Modifications:
 pr.877 / 08770, pr.877E, pr.877EKM (except submarines 2)pryu877LPMB (B-800)pr.877V (B-871)pr.877M / 08772 (?) / 636 / 636Mpr.877EKM / 08,773 (repair with modernizaiey)pr.06363
NATOKILOKILOKILO / "KILO-III"Improved KILOImproved KILOImproved KILO-II
Housinga smooth transition to the superstructure "fin"a smooth transition to the superstructure "fin"the transition from the superstructure "threshold" no "fin"the transition from the superstructure "threshold" no "fin"a smooth transition to the superstructure "fin"the transition from the superstructure "threshold" no "fin"
Screw6-bladed classic FPP7-bladed saberwater jets7-bladed saber6-bladed classic FPP7-bladed saber
pr.877 "Halibut" / sub-series 08 770 (?) - KILO (1980) - a basic production version of the submarine, the submarine Head - B-248 and B-401. It has been suggested that in addition to the series was a series of 08 770 or 08 771 08 772 - may differ between manufacturing plants (respectively, the head of the boat B-248 and B-401 and B-401, in this case, the head Boat Series 08770).
 
pr.877E "Warszawianka" - KILO (1985) - export version of the submarine pr.877 first series for the countries of the Warsaw Pact, delivered to Poland (B-351 = Orzel, June 29, 1986 transferred to the Polish Navy) and Romania (B -801 = Delfinul, September 19, 1986 transferred to the Navy of Romania).
 
pr.877EK - submarines were not built, "export sales", adapted to tropical conditions.
 
pr.877EKM - KILO (1985) - "export sales modernized" version of the submarine pr.877 supplied in Algeria, India, China and Iran. CIM GAS-400E.Adapted to tropical conditions. The last 2 submarine project identified in the West as Improved KILO (presumably it is "Yunes" Navy Iran and "Sindhurakshak" Indian Navy - last pr.08773). The cost of one submarine according to the media from 150 to 200 million. USD (1990).

pr.636 - Improved KILO (1997) - CDB "Ruby" export version pr.877M, modernized equipment pr.877M by type, extensive use of sound-absorbing technology.
 

Cut submarine pr.636 Improved KILO ( http://www.ckb-rubin.ru/ ).

pr.636 with ECG (draft, 1990) - Project PL pr.636 engines with an electrochemical generator. Not implemented.
 

PL pr.636 with ECG generator is arranged vertically in the center of the boat (YI Alexandrov, AN Gusev, warships of the world at the turn of XX-XXI centuries. Part I. Submarines. CRP, "Galea Print" 2000)

pr.877EKM / pr.08773 - Improved KILO
 (1999) - modification pr.877EKM submarines for the Indian Navy to the level Improved KILO of equipment and weapons systems (submarines equipped with TA-launchers of cruise missiles Series Club-S). The control system Lama-ER, the new SJC CIM-400EM / MGK-EM, CICS "Palladium-M." The estimated cost of repairs to the advertising upgrade to pr.08773 of pr.877EKM (on the price) 1 billion 700 million rubles (in 2005 prices). On the rudder modification submarine design team and the boat kept similar pr.877EKM.
 





Construction, the output from the workshop and launching of the submarine B-477 ("Sindhushastra" S65) zav.№01618 pr.877EKM / 08773, the Leningrad Admiralty Association, St. Petersburg, 1999 (Admiralty Shipyards Russian submarine fleet. With . Saint-Petersburg. "Gangut", 2003).
pr.636M / 06,361? - Improved KILO (2004) - a modernized version of export pr.636 modification. It changes the composition of the equipment, installed new inertial navigation system, a periscope with night vision channel, TV channel and laser rangefinder. Towed antenna connection ADD and HF bands. Can use cruise missiles Club-S with the launch from a submerged position by TA. B-340 submarine pr.877 was completed for the Chinese Navy in 2005 pr.636M (PL founded in 1992 and removed from the building in 1994, the factory "Red Sormovo", Nizhny Novgorod, factory №01611 ).
 

Submarine construction pr.636M ON "Sevmash". Or, "Yuan Zhend 74 Hao" (374) or "Yuan Zhend 75 Hao" (375), and 702 factory №№701.
 
The project is based on a special submarine pr.877 - in 2002 on the advertising leaflet CDB "Ruby" is a side cutting projections on the basis of a special submarine pr.877 probably designed to work on laying pipelines on the seabed. Perhaps after such equipment can be used for submarine wide range of activities on the seabed. There is also a likelihood that these technologies and components have already been tested on other types of submarines. No other data. pr.06361 - Improved KILO - modification of the submarine pr.636M or another name for the project pr.636M submarines. According to media reports the summer of 2012 it was on this project built a series of submarines for the Navy in the Vietnam GCC "Admiralty Shipyards". Construction series is conducted simultaneously with the construction of a series of submarines for the Russian Navy pr.06363 (see below).

The first submarine for the Navy Vietnam pr.06361 factory №01339 from outfitting wall Admiralty Shipyards, St. Petersburg. 20.09.2012 (photo - havron, http://forums.airbase.ru ).

pr.06363 - Improved KILO-II - PL pr.636M modification or variant pr.636M with updated equipment and missile system "Caliber". Chief Designer - Igor Molchanov. 20.08.2010 at "Admiralty Shipyards" for this project lies a large diesel-electric submarine torpedo-missile "B-261" Novorossiysk ". PL laid for the Black Sea Navy of Russia. It is planned to build a minimum of six boats of the project. The name" Improved KILO-II "is not officially recognized.

Image submarine pr.06363 with mortgage board the submarine B-261 "Novorossiysk" (file photo Curious, http://forums.airbase.ru )


Projections modifications submarine pr.877 KILO (c) DIMMI, 2009, 2010
 

Status - the Soviet Union / Russia
 
Combat-ready submarines family pr.877 KILO in the Navy of the USSR and Russia (data analysis = military.tomsk.ru, 2009):
 
1992 August - 1993 June - trip submarine B-402 pr.877 Northern Fleet to Iran.

1995 March 19 - fire on the boat B-401 pr.877 (Northern Fleet). There was a fire in rags tidy in the database through the fault of the men (improper handling of the plates in the regeneration-64).

2004 - all in the battle of the Navy's 15 diesel submarines (mainly pr.877).

2004 November - according to media reports ( http://lenta.ru/ ) by 2010 the Navy will Rosii 10 submarines pr.877.

2008 July 22 - pr.877EKM submarine B-806 (aircraft №487) participated in the naval parade on the Neva River in St. Petersburg.


India
 :
- 1986 - Navy pr.877EKM 1 piece (first)

- 1987 - Navy 3 pieces pr.877EKM

- 1988 - Navy 4 pcs pr.877EKM

- 1989 - Navy 6 pcs pr.877EKM

- 1990 - Navy 7 pcs pr.877EKM

- 1991-1996 GG - Navy 8 items pr.877EKM

- 29 December 1996 - signed a contract for the modernization of the submarine Sindhuvir pr.877EKM pr.08773 to the shipyard "Zvezdochka" (Severodvinsk).

- 1997 - 7 pcs pr.877EKM

- 1997 June 25 - PL Sindhuvir pr.877EKM arrived to upgrade to Improved KILO at the shipyard "Zvezdochka" (Severodvinsk) in the transport floating dock "Superservant-3" Belgian company Dockwise.
 

PL Sindhuvir pr.877EKM to transport the floating dock "Superservant-3" Belgian firm Dockwise in Nikolsky mouth of Severodvinsk. View from the Seaside Boulevard. 25.06.1997 Photo by Yu.V.Okuneva (Shipbuilders "star": Local History Collection. Issue №2. Severodvinsk, FSUE "Zvezdochka", 2004)
- 1998 - 7 pcs pr.877EKM + 1 piece to improved Improved KILO pr.877EKM

- 1999 - 5 pcs pr.877EKM + 1 pcs + 1 pcs pr.08773 Upgrade to Improved KILO pr.877EKM (Sindhuvir, modernization completed in 1999).

- 1999 April 25 - PL Sindhuvir pr.877EKM upgraded to Improved KILO derived from the boathouse SRH "Star" and launched.

- 1999 July 26 - PL Sindhuvir pr.877EKM Improved KILO adopted by the Indian Navy.

- 2000 - 5 pieces + 1 piece pr.877EKM pr.08773 + 2 pcs Upgrade to Improved KILO pr.877EKM

The only submarine built (not upgraded) in pr.08773 Improved KILO "Sindhushastra" / B-477 of the Indian Navy in outfitting wall "Admiralty Shipyards", St. Petersburg, May 16, 2000 ( http: //www.ckb-rubin. RU )

- 2001 - 4 pcs pr.877EKM + 3 + 2 pcs pr.08773 items improved to pr.08773 Improved KILO pr.877EKM - "Sindhuraj" S57 (zav.№08405) and "Sindhukesari" S60 (zav.№08313 ), repairs to the modernization were at LAO.


The repair with the modernization of pr.08773 Improved KILO Lao submarine "Sindhuraj" S57 (zav.№08405) and "Sindhukesari" S60 (zav.№08313), probably 2001 (Admiralty Shipyards Russian submarine fleet. St.- lib. "Gangut", 2003). PL "Sindhukesari" after renovation and modernization of pr.08773 Lao probably 2001 (Admiralty Shipyards Russian submarine fleet. S.-Pb. "Gangut", 2003 .). One of the Indian boats pr.877 renovated in the dock LAO. This is probably one of the boats pr.08773 surrendered in 2001 (Admiralty Shipyards Russian submarine fleet. S.-Pb. "Gangut", 2003).





- 2002 - 3 pieces pr.877EKM + 3 + 2 pcs pr.08773 items improved to Improved KILO pr.877EKM, PL Sindhuratna put the Indian Navy after modernization at the shipyard "Star" to the level of pr.08773.

- 2003-2004, - 3 pieces + 4 pieces pr.877EKM pr.08773 + 2 pcs Upgrade to Improved KILO pr.877EKM

- 2005 - 2 pieces pr.877EKM + 5 pcs pr.08773 + 2 pcs Upgrade to Improved KILO pr.877EKM, PL Sindhugosh put the Indian Navy after modernization at the shipyard "Star" to the level of pr.08773.

- 2006 - 1 pc pr.877EKM + 5 pcs pr.08773 + 2 pcs Upgrade to Improved KILO pr.877EKM

- 2007 - 5 pcs pr.08773 + 2 pcs Upgrade to Improved KILO pr.877EKM

- 2008 - 7 pcs pr.08773 + 2 pcs Upgrade to Improved KILO pr.877EKM

- 2009 - 8 + 2 pcs pr.08773 Upgrade to Improved KILO pr.877EKM

PL pr.877EKM Indian Navy, Mumbai, 15.11.2009 Mr. (author - Denys, http://www.shipspotting.com )

- 2010 June 4 - the media reported that the submarine pr.877EKM Improved KILO serial number 01325 Sindhurakshak Indian Navy will be held at the shipyard "Zvezdochka" in Severodvinsk upgrading to pr.636M (without changing the project 877 EKM). This is the fifth Indian submarine pr.877 that upgraded to the "Star". In addition SRH provides modernization and repair of submarines Sidhukirti serial number 01315 in the Indian shipyard g.Vizakhapatnam. 04.06.2010 signed a contract for the average repair with partial modernization of the submarine ( the source ).



Transportation transport boat company Rolldock one of the submarines pr.877EKM India - presumably, Sindhurakshak, 2010 - at the shipyard in Severodvinsk "asterisk" ( http://www.rolldock.com )

- 2010 August 3 - PL pr.877EKM Improved KILO serial number 01325 Sindhurakshak Indian Navy arrived at the shipyard "Zvezdochka" in Severodvinsk. The ship put on a firm foundation in the docking chamber SRH and is preparing to transfer to the shop.

Ship-submarine carrier RollDock c pr.877EKM Improved KILO serial number 01325 Sindhurakshak Indian Navy shipyard near "Star", Severodvinsk, 03.08.2010 (photo - Alexei Morozov, the workload, 05.08.2010 city).


PL pr.877EKM Improved KILO serial number 01325 Sindhurakshak the Indian Navy in the docking chamber SRH "Star", 03.08.2010 (Photo - SRH "asterisk", http://www.news29.ru ).

- September 2010 - 10 as part of Navy submarines family KILO. - December 2011 - in the shop №10 shipyard "Zvezdochka" in Severodvinsk continued repairs to the modernization of the submarine pr.877EKM Improved KILO serial number 01325 Sindhurakshak Indian Navy. During the work on the submarine will set a completely new rail sliding devices. "Sindurakshak" - the fifth submarine of the Indian Navy passing pr.877EKM repair at the shipyard "Zvezdochka".
- 2012 October 29 - began sea trials the submarine pr.877EKM Improved KILO serial number 01325 Sindhurakshak Indian Navy, which is undergoing renovations to upgrade to CA "Zvezdochka" in Severodvinsk.

PL pr.877EKM serial number 01325 Sindhurakshak Indian Navy on tests after repair with the modernization of the shipyard "Zvezdochka" in Severodvinsk, 25.11.2012 (photo - CA "asterisk", http://zvezdochka-ru.livejournal.com/ ) .

- 2012 December 12 - during acceptance tests in Severodvinsk submarine pr.877EKM Improved KILO serial number 01325 Sindhurakshak Indian Navy is successful missile firing at ground targets. Earlier, on 07.12.2012, he successfully struck the target surface. Thus missile firing complex Club-S missile 3M54E and 3M14E completed factory testing after passing the submarine repair with modernization in the CA "Star" ( source ). - 2013 January 26 - PL pr.877EKM Improved KILO serial number 01325 Sindhurakshak Indian Navy after renovation and partial modernization (without changing the project 877 EKM) transferred to the Indian Navy in Severodvinsk. On the submarine complex set of weapons with Club-S cruise missiles installed SJC Ushus, radio system CCS-Mk-2, modernization of cooling systems, the installation of a radar station «Porpoise» and dr.raboty. January 29, 2013 the submarine will be released in India ( source ). - 14 August 2013 - on submarines pr.877EKM Improved KILO serial number 01325 Sindhurakshak Indian Navy at the pier in the port of Mumbai was an explosion and fire that led to partial flooding of the boat. On board at the time of the explosion there were 18 crew members of the boat, some people managed to escape. It is likely that there was an explosion of ammunition boat, which was at the pier in full running order ( the source ).


The glow of the explosion on the submarine Sindhurakshak pr.877EKM Indian Navy at the pier in the port of Mumbai, 14.8.2013, the (http://kuleshovoleg.livejournal.com/ ). The first photographs of the sunken submarine Sindhurakshak pr.877EKM Indian Navy at the pier in the port of Mumbai, August 14, 2013, in the afternoon (photo - the Ministry of Defence of India, http://www.livefistdefence.com/ ).







- 2013 August 18 - in the Indian media reported that an explosion of excess hydrogen from the battery is not working properly could cause an explosion of ammunition boat. The reason is considered to be a kind of emergency incidents in the weapons bays. The boat was fully outfitted ammunition. Sabotage is considered unlikely. During rescue operations, divers entered the bow section of the boat. It is planned as Mrs. and the operation to raise the boat to the surface. Recovery boats after such a disaster is considered to be impossible. - May 28 2015 - It is reported that the submarine "Sindhukirti" S61 pr.877EKM after completion of repairs to the modernization, which were carried out at the shipyard in India, will be released on the sea trials. The boat installed systems "Pyrite-M", "Palladium-M" CICS "Lama-EKM" (all - development and production of NGO "Aurora"). Following the modernization of boats will be able to use the project 877EKM two types of missiles - 3M-54E against naval targets, and 3M-14E at ground targets ( source ). - 2015 May 29 - PL "Sindhukesari" S60pr.877EKM (previously upgraded by pr.08773 ) in the summer of 2016 will arrive in CA. "Star" to perform medium repair and modernization of equipment ( source ). Indonesia :


- 2006 - a contract to build two submarines pr.636M at FSUE "Admiralty Shipyards". Perhaps the contract will be increased to 6 pieces.

- September 2007 - an agreement on the supply of equipment by 1 billion. USD - under the agreement ordered two submarines pr.877; - 2007 - was meant to be laid 1st Submarine

- 2008 - was meant to be laid 2nd FL

- 2009 - The plan was to be put into Navy submarine I-1, supply the submarine moved at least 2011

- 2010 - The plan was to be put in the 2nd Navy submarines, submarine delivery moved at least in 2011 - 27-28 November 2010 - announced that the purchase of submarines under the agreement in 2007 will produced in 2011